Sago and the Indigenous Peoples of Papua, Indonesia: A Review
Keywords:
food security, Metroxylon sagu, indigenous peoples, resilientAbstract
Untuk penyitiran mohon dapat diarahkan melalui tautan formal ini:
https://jaabjournal.org/index.php/jaab/article/view/152/47
A significant concern with the food security issue worldwide is indigenous peoples and their food resources. The indigenous peoples of Papua are still very dependent on rice, a heavily imported commodity. During the global pandemic, the indigenous peoples of Papua faced the issue of food supply and food resilience. Simultaneously, Indonesia has the largest sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) palm-growing areas, accounting for over half (51%) of the 2.3 million hectares of sago worldwide, and about 90% of sago is estimated to be in Papua and Maluku. Indigenous food crops such as sago are exceptionally resilient to adverse local environments, highlighting their crucial role in ensuring food and nutrition security, particularly during a natural disaster. However, despite sago’s multiple uses and benefits, it is still poorly evaluated as a food resource by the government, with consumption at relatively low levels. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art regarding indigenous peoples and their food resources, focusing on why sago is essential, not only for the indigenous peoples of Papua but also for the possibility of introducing sago to the world.
References
Aluko, Y. A. (2018). Women's use of indigenous knowledge for environmental security and sustainable development in Southwest Nigeria. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 9(3). http://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2018.9.3.2.
Ambarsari, R (2013). [wet sago flour wrapped in pandan leaves]. Shuttterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/id/image-photo/wet-sago-flour-wrapped-pandan-leaves-1280176474
Awg-Adeni, D. S., Abd-Aziz, S., Bujang, K. & Hassan, M. A. (2010). Bioconversion of sago residue into value added products. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(14), 2016-2021. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/78406
Bintoro, M. H. (2011). Progress of sago research in Indonesia. Sago for food security, bio-energy, and industry, from research to market. Proceedings of the 10th International Sago Symposium, 29-30 October 2011. http://www.sagosymp2011.org
Bintoro, M. H., Nurulhaq, M. I, Pratama, A. J., Ahmad, F., & Ayulia, L. (2018). Growing area of sago palm and its environment. Sago Palm, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5269-9_2
Bintoro, M. H., Purwanto, M. Y. J., & Amarillis, S. (2010). Sagu di lahan gambut [Sago on peat land]. IPB Press.
Booth, A., Purnagunawan, R. M., & Satriawan, E. (2019). Towards a healthy Indonesia?. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 55(2), 133-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1639509
Clark, B., Jones, G. D., Kendall, H., Taylor, J., Cao, Y., Li, W., . . . Frewer, L. J. (2018). A proposed framework for accelerating technology trajectories in agriculture: A case study in china. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 5(4), 485-498. doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2018244
Cloete, P. C., & Idsardi, E. F. (2013). Consumption of indigenous and traditional food crops: perceptions and realities from South Africa. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37(8), 902-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2013.805179
Demi, S. (2016). Indigenous food cultures: Pedagogical implication for environmental education. https://www.iss.nl/sites/corporate/files/2-ICAS_CP_Demi.pdf
Djoefrie, B., Herodian, S., Ngadiono, Thoriq, A., & Amarillis, S. (2013). Master plan pengembangan sagu sebagai komoditas unggulan di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat [Master plan for the development of sago as a leading commodity in Papua and West Papua Provinces]. Unit Percepatan Pembangunan Papua dan Papua Barat
Egeland, G., & Harrison, G. (2013). Health disparities: promoting Indigenous Peoples’ health through traditional food systems and self-determination. In H. V. Kuhnlein, B. Erasmus, D. Spigelski, & B. Burlingame (Eds.), Indigenous peoples’ food systems & well-being interventions & policies for healthy communities (pp. 9-22). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment.
Ehara, H., Toyoda, Y., & Johnson, D. V. (2018). Life and livelihood in sago-growing areas. In H. Ehara, Y. Toyoda, Y., D.V Johnson (eds.), Sago palm: Multiple contributions to food security and sustainable livelihoods. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5269-9
Food Agriculture Organization. (1995). Dimensions of need. At atlas of food and agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/u8480e/U8480E00.htm#Dimensions%20of%20need
Food Agriculture Organization. (2015). FAO policy on indigenous and tribal peoples. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4476e.pdf.
Food Agriculture Organization. (2014). Promotion of underutilized indigenous food resources for food security and nutrition in Asia and the Pacific. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3685e.pdf.
Food Agriculture Organization. (2018). The state of food security and nutrition in the world. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/I9553EN/i9553en.pdf.
Food Agriculture Organization. (2019). Regional overview of food security and nutrition in Europe and Central Asia 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/ca7153en/CA7153EN.pdf.
Flach, M. (1997). Sago palm. Metroxylon sagu Rottb. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Frewer, L. J. (2017). Consumer acceptance and rejection of emerging agrifood technologies and their applications. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 44(4), 683-704. doi:10.1093/erae/jbx007.
Gardner, B. (2013). Global food futures feeding the world in 2050. Bloomsbury.
Ghosh-Jerath, S., Singh, A., Lyngdoh, T., Magsumbol, M. S., Kamboj, P., & Goldberg, G. (2018). Estimates of indigenous food consumption and their contribution to nutrient intake in oraon tribal women of Jharkhand, India. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 39(4), 581-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572118805652
Girsang, W. (2017). Sago food product development for food security in small islands, Maluku, Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 8(5), 704-712. https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2017.05.019
Hariyanto, B., Aji G. K., Pranamuda H., & Pangestu, A. (2020). Pengaruh konsumsi beras sagu terhadap perubahan parameter antropometri pada relawan sehat [The effect of sago rice consumption on changes in anthropometric parameters in healthy volunteers]. Jurnal Pangan, 29(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.33964/jp.v29i2.487.
Hariyanto, B., Anggraeni, D., Atmaji, P., Triputranto, A., & Prasetyani, L. N. (2013). Introducing sago noodle to the people of Sorong to increase the added value of sago. Unleashing sago hidden treasure of the world. Proceedings of the 11th International Sago Symposium, 6-8 November 2013.
Hasibuan, H. S., Waromi, L. F., & Utomo, S. W. (2018). Sustainable food security strategy: Study of land suitability of rice and sago commodity in kampong wapeko, merauke district, papua province, indonesia. Paper presented at the E3S Web of Conferences, , 68 doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20186804008 Retrieved from www.scopus.com
Huambachano, M. (2018). Enacting food sovereignty in Aotearoa New Zealand and Peru: revitalizing indigenous knowledge, food practices and ecological philosophies. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 42(9), 1003-1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2018.1468380
Papua, Human & van de Pas, Remco. (2018). Right to Food in West Papua 2018. 10.13140/RG.2.2.25003.95525.
IndiTheater (no date). [sago palm trees that flourish]. Shuttterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/id/image-photo/sago-palm-trees-that-flourish-grown-1629368353.
IndiTheater (no date). [stunning views of the sago palm trees on the banks of a clear and clean river]. Shuttterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/id/image-photo/stunning-views-sago-palm-trees-on-1539247115
Indrawan, M., Sumule, A., Wijaya, A., Kapisa, N., Wanggai, F., Ahmad, M., Mambai, B. V., & Heatubun, C. D. (2019). A time for locally driven development in Papua and West Papua. Development in Practice, 29(6), 817-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1609907
Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University. (2014). ASEAN food composition database. http://www.inmu.mahidol.ac.th/aseanfoods/doc/OnlineASEAN_FCD_V1_2014.pdf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2018). Summary for Policymakers. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
Islam, D., Zurba, M., Rogalski, A., & Berkes, F. (2016). Engaging indigenous youth to revitalize cree culture through participatory education. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 11(3), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15595692.2016.1216833
Johns, T., Powell, B., Maundu, P., & Eyzaguirre, P. B. (2013). Agricultural biodiversity as a link between traditional food systems and contemporary development, social integrity and ecological health. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 93(14), 3433-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6351
Jong, F. S. (2018). An overview of sago industry development, 1980s – 2015. In H. Ehara, Y. Toyoda, Y., D.V Johnson (Eds.), Sago palm: Multiple contributions to food security and sustainable livelihoods. Springer.
Konuma, H. (2018). Status and outlook of global food security and the role of underutilized food resources: Sago palm. In H. Ehara, Y. Toyoda, Y., D.V Johnson (eds.), Sago palm: Multiple contributions to food security and sustainable livelihoods. Springer
Kuhnlein, H. V. (2017). Gender roles, food system biodiversity, and food security in Indigenous Peoples' communities. Maternity Child Nutrition, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12529
Kuhnlein, H. V., Erasmus, B., Spigelski, D., & Burlingame, B. (2013). Indigenous people food systems and wellbeing. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3144e.pdf.
Kuhnlein, H. V., Erasmus, B., & Spigelski, D. (2009). Indigenous peoples' food systems: The many dimensions of culture, diversity and environment for nutrition and health. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment.
Lemke, S., & Delormier, T. (2017). Indigenous peoples' food systems, nutrition, and gender: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Maternity Child Nutrition, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12499
Marshall, A. J., & Beehler, B. McP. (2007). The ecology of Papua, 1st ed. Periplus Editions.
Mavhura, E., Manyena, S. B., Collins, A. E., & Manatsa, D. (2013). Indigenous knowledge, coping strategies and resilience to floods in Muzarabani, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 5, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.07.001
McCulloch, N., & Peter Timmer, C. (2008). Rice policy in Indonesia: A special issue. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 44(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910802001561
Ministry of Agriculture. (2018). Statistik konsumsi pangan [Statistics of food consumption]. http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id/arsip-perstatistikan/163-statistik/statistik-konsumsi/599-statistik-konsumsi-pangan-tahun-2018.
Ondikeleuw, Y. C., Wahyudi, & Arifudin, M. (2020). Utilization of biomass from sago (metroxylon sp) by local ethnic around the sentani lake jayapura-papua province. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, , 935(1) doi:10.1088/1757-899X/935/1/012023 Retrieved from www.scopus.com
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 1990-2028, by variable. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=HIGH_AGLINK_2017#
O'Meara, L., Williams, S. L., Hickes, D., & Brown, P. (2019). Predictors of dietary diversity of indigenous food-producing households in Rural Fiji. Nutrients, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071629
Padulosi, S., Thompson, J., & Rudebjer, P. (2013). Fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition with neglected and underutilized species (NUS): Needs, challenges and the way forward. Bioversity International.
Pingali, P. (2007). Westernization of asian diets and the transformation of food systems: Implications for research and policy. Food Policy, 32(3), 281-298. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.08.001
Popkin, B. M. (2006). Global nutrition dynamics: The world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(2), 289-298. doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.2.289
Popkin, B. M., Adair, L. S., & Ng, S. W. (2012). Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutrition Review, 70(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x
Ratima, M., Martin, D., Castleden, H., & Delormier, T. (2019). Indigenous voices and knowledge systems - promoting planetary health, health equity, and sustainable development now and for future generations. Global Health Promotion, 26(3), 3-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975919838487.
Sambo, B. E. (2014). Endangered, neglected, indigenous resilient crops: a potential against climate change impact for sustainable crop productivity and food security. IOSR Journal of Agriculture Veterinary Science, 7, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-07223441
Seto and Associates. (2006). Protecting our gifts and securing our future—first nations children and obesity: A growing epidemic. http://www.turtleisland.org/resources/obesekids.pdf
Singhal, R. S., Kennedy, J. F., Gopalakrishnan, S. M., Kaczmarek, A., Knill, C. J., & Akmar, P. F. (2008). Industrial production, processing, and utilization of sago palm-derived products. Carbohydrate Polymers, 72(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.07.043
Statistics Indonesia. (2019a). Persentase penduduk miskin pada September 2018 sebesar 9,66 persen [The percentage of poor people in September 2018 was 9.66 percent]. https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2019/01/15/1549/persentase-penduduk-miskin-pada-september-2018-sebesar-9-66-persen.html
Statistics Indonesia. (2019b). Import value of rice in Indonesia from 2011 to 2018 (in million U.S. dollars). Statista. Statista Inc. https://www.statista.com/statistics/680559/value-of-rice-imports-indonesia/
Statistics Indonesia. (2019c). Total import value of wheat and meslin to Indonesia from 2011 to 2018 (in million U.S. dollars). https://www.statista.com/statistics/683633/wheat-and-meslin-import-value-indonesia/.
Torres-Vitolas, C. A., Harvey, C. A., Cruz-Garcia, G. S., Vanegas-Cubillos, M., & Schreckenberg, K. (2019). The socio-ecological dynamics of food insecurity among subsistence-oriented indigenous communities in amazonia: a qualitative examination of coping strategies among riverine communities along the Caquetá River, Colombia. Human Ecology, 47(3), 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-0074-7
United Nations Women. (2018). Press release: New UN Women report uncovers significant gaps for women's empowerment and puts forth robust agenda to shift gears. https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2018/2/press-release-launch-of-sdg-monitoring-report-gender-equality-in-the-2030-agenda
United Nations Development Programme. (2019). 10 things we all should know about indigenous peoples. https://stories.undp.org/10-things-we-all-should-know-about-indigenous-people
United Nations. (2019). Goal 2: Zero hunger. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/
United Stated Department of Agriculture. (2018). Agricultural research service. Food data central. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/
United Stated Department of Agriculture. (2019a). Rice consumption worldwide in 2018/2019, by country (in 1,000 metric tons). https://www.statista.com/statistics/255971/top-countries-based-on-rice-consumption-2012-2013
United Stated Department of Agriculture. (2019b). Principal importing countries of wheat, flour and wheat products from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 (in 1,000 metric tons). https://www.statista.com/statistics/190435/principle-importing-countries-of-wheat-flour-and-products
Winarno, F. G., & Hariadi, P. (2017). The Indonesian sago palm, unravelling its potential for national development. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
World Food Programme. (2015). Indonesia-food security and vulnerability atlas, 2015. https://www.wfp.org/publications/indonesia-food-security-and-vulnerability-atlas-2015
Yusuf, M. A., Romli, M., & Wiloso, E. I. (2019). Potential of traditional sago starch: Life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 507(1), 012014.
Downloads
Posted
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Fathir Fajar Sidiq, David Coles, Carmen Hubbard, Beth Clark, Lynn J Frewer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
